Static Stability and Seismic Safety of Brunelleschi’s Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
My thesis investigates the structural stability of the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence through a combination of parametric 2D equilibrium modeling and experimental testing. It quantifies minimum horizontal thrusts and predicts collapse under ground acceleration, comparing results with both literature values and a static tilt test using a 3D-printed model. The findings validate the dome’s resilience to seismic activity and highlight the role of modeling assumptions in structural analysis.
Step 1: To ensure a comprehensive and up-to-date foundation, I conducted research in collaboration with the University of Florence. This included an in-depth review of historical texts, technical manuscripts, original construction documentation, and previous doctoral dissertations, allowing for both contextual depth and technical accuracy in the analysis.
Step 2: I obtained a 3D scanned model from finite element researchers, which I adapted into a static equilibrium model. Employing the classical method of graphic statics, I developed a linear analysis script based on principles established by some of the earliest practitioners of structural engineering, bridging historical techniques with contemporary digital tools. With this, I was able to accurately predict a collapse mechanism.
Step 3: I conducted a 3D physical experiment using a methodology developed by researchers at MIT, employing a powder-printed model to validate the results of my linear analysis. This experimental approach confirmed the dome’s standing thrust and offered insight into its structural behavior under lateral loads. Ultimately, the study deepened my understanding of the innovative mechanisms underlying Brunelleschi’s design—affirming the enduring ingenuity for which he is celebrated.
